Chapter 1

  • Top down: The minimal whole, then one and the whole rest
  • Bottom up: The minimal one, then one and the one rest
Exercise 1.10 [★] We typically use "or" to mean "inclusive or." What other meanings can "or" have?
  1. Inclusive Or: This is the standard meaning in everyday language and logical statements where “A or B” means either A, B, or both.
  2. Exclusive Or (XOR): This meaning of “or” is used in logic and computer science, where “A or B” means either A or B, but not both.
  3. Logical Or (disjunction): In formal logic, “or” can represent a disjunction, where at least one of the statements must be true.